Saturday, September 28, 2019

Guideline for Annotation and Asking Question 文章标记以及问问题指南

为什么民主党现在启动对特朗普的弹劾调查?

Why an Impeachment Inquiry Now? Democrats Cite the Clarity of the Case


Annotation 评分标准:  第一次socratic seminar 文章的annotation 要求至少六个, 但请确保annotation 的深度。
Source: Bartow High School

请确保你问的三个问题是属于Bloom's taxonomy 三级或以上的问题 (也就说你的问题必须使用Apply, Analyze, Evaluate,跟 Create 这些思维)


共和党德州众议员CreditCredijjjjkjk

Friday, September 27, 2019

Trump Impeachment Explained















“乌托邦” 论文第一稿 Due Wednesday


下礼拜三除了要准备好做socratic seminar 以外, 要求交 打印版 的论文第一稿, 只要求写介绍(introduction),可以是1或2 自然段。

            然后选一个分论点。
写出 这个分论点的body paragraph, body paragraph 结构应该是
一, claim (topic sentence, 是你的分论点, 必须给出原因 , 比如, 你应该阐明比例代表制为什么优越的原因)
二. Evidence 1 (证据 1,这是一个来源, 可以是名人名言。。。)
三. Reasoning 1 ( 解释1, 也叫 warrant, 解释这个证据如何支持你的分论点)
四. Evidence 2 (证据 2)
五. Reasoning 2 (解释 2)
六 结论句 (concluding sentence)



简单来说你星期三要交的是一个完整的introduction 和一个完整的body paragraph。

请将所有来源 (网址, 书籍, 杂志)来源save 在你的论文末尾 或着save 在另外一个文档。

MLA 格式要求

MLA 格式要求

Wikipedia:
MLA格式手册与学术出版指南》(The MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing[1]) 是《MLA格式手册》(The MLA Style Manual)的第三版。 1985年,《MLA格式手册》由美国现代语言学会首先出版。《MLA格式手册与学术出版指南》是学术格式的指南,在美国加拿大和其它国家广泛使用,在人文学科为研究写作和研究文件,提供指引,尤其是英语研究、其它现代语言及文学研究 (包括比较文学)、 文学批评、媒体研究、文化研究和相关学科。

  1. ^ Modern Language Association. (2008). MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, 3rd ed. ISBN 0-87352-297-4

Source:Purdue Online Writing Lab
General Guidelines
  • Type your paper on a computer and print it out on standard, white 8.5 x 11-inch paper. 用A4纸质打印。
  • Double-space the text of your paper and use a legible font 将论文的文本加双倍间距并使用清晰的字体 
  • The font size should be 12 pt. 字体大小应为12点
  • Leave only one space after periods or other punctuation marks 在句号或其他标点符号之后仅留一个空格
  • Set the margins of your document to 1 inch on all sides 将文档的所有边距设置为1英寸
  • Indent the first line of each paragraph one half-inch from the left margin. MLA recommends that you use the “Tab” key。 每个段落的第一行 使用 “ Tab”键 indent。 中文indent 两个字。
  • Use italics throughout your essay to indicate the titles of longer works 中文使用书名号《 》, 英文用 italics (斜体)

Formatting the First Page of Your Paper 论文第一页的格式

  • In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date. Again, be sure to use double-spaced text. 左上方写你的名字,教师名字, 课程名称 和日期 (也要 double space)
  • Double space again and center the title. Do not underline, italicize, or place your title in quotation marks. Write the title in Title Case (standard capitalization), not in all capital letters. 标题要 center。 英文标题除了a, an, the,and, but, or, for, nor, etc. on, at, to, from, by 之外的单字都要大写。
  • Use quotation marks and/or italics when referring to other works in your title, just as you would in your text. For example: Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas as Morality Play; Human Weariness in "After Apple Picking”

怎么写反驳段落 How do You Write a Counterargument Paragraph

以下是一个反驳段落的示范:

       有些人可能认为(这是一个常见的反驳段落的开头),允许开车时用免提设备发短信是不用全盘禁止发短信的答案 ( 这句话是 Counterclaim -反诉)。 然而,研究已经证明,不是发短信的实际过程分散了司机的注意力,  而是认知上分心,或者完成任务而需要的思考 分散了司机的注意力  (这部分是这个段落的数据- Data , 正式的论文要提供实际科学的证据)。无论他们使用免提设备还是传统的发短信形式,大多数司机仍然会分心(这句话是论证 Warrant, 是将数据连接到自己主张-claim 的桥梁)。 因此,为了杜绝开车发短信引起事故,唯一的答案是州政立法完全禁止开车时发短信(最后重申自己的论点)

反驳段落结构概括:

1. 提出反诉 Couterclaim, 也就是对方可能会提出的一个常见的论点。
2. 提出数据 Data(引言、科学研究, 问卷调查,事实等)。
3. 论证Warrant, 这个数据怎么反驳 Counterclaim  而支持你自己的claim。
4. 总结句 Concluding sentence :复述你的Claim。

Thursday, September 26, 2019

对《纽约时报》文章的苏格拉底式讨论推迟到下周三

因为今天college counselor 没有告诉我要来。 原本要明天举行的socratic seminar 推迟到下周三。请做精细的annotation 并认真思考要问的问题,让下周三的讨论成为一个用多视角思维(multi-perspective thinking )看问题的一个讨论。并且希望大家能互相回应, 而不是只是回应老师。

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

《法拉盛陈情书》Close Reading 和一些在课堂上没来得及问的一些问题






“Do you think there is a bias in telling of American story in American high school”

“Do you think there is Anglo-centric view in narrative of early American history? ”


“Do you think the body paragraphs further expands on these two arguments?”


In 4th paragraph of the Remonstrance, it mentioned that “which is the glory of the outward state of Holland这是荷兰外邦的荣耀)”  What do you think it means? What expectations did they hold for Dutch colonies?

“The law of love, peace and liberty in the states extending to Jews, Turks and Egyptians(属地的爱, 和平与自由的法则延伸到犹太人, 土耳其人和埃及人), as they are considered sons of Adam(因为他们被认为是亚当的后人)”

“Does it have to do with their own life experiences? What are the main reason that settlers came to America? (To escape religious persecution in their countries, ex. Puritans


Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Flushing Remonstrance《法拉盛陈情书》





《法拉盛陈情书介绍》
Remonstrance of the Inhabitants of the Town of Flushing to Governor Stuyvesant, December 27, 1657, is a petition signed by 31 men, in response to the governor’s actions against Quakers. In 1657, 31 settlers in the Dutch colony of New Netherland (now New York and New Jersey) risked arrest and banishment when they came to the defense of members of the Society of Friends—known as Quakers—who had been banned from the colony. Afraid this new group would destabilize the colony, Stuyvesant ordered Quaker preachers to be expelled and fined any colonists who welcomed them into their homes. In December 1657, 31 residents of the village of Flushing signed a petition against Stuyvesant’s ban on Quakers. ‘‘If any of these said persons [Quakers] come in love unto us, we cannot in conscience lay violent hands upon them,” the petitioners wrote, justifying their appeal to overturn the law. Stuyvesant denounced the petition as a “detestable letter of defiance.” Known today as the Flushing Remonstrance, this petition is one of New York State’s most cherished documents,  and is considered a landmark of New York’s heritage of civil and religious rights. It had no immediate impact at the time, beyond getting four of its signers jailed.
《法拉盛镇居民向史岱文森(Stuyvesant)总督陈情书》是16571227日由31名男子回应总督反对桂格派(Quakers)的行动而签署的请愿书。1657年,在荷兰殖民地新荷兰(现为纽约和新泽西)的31名定居者冒着遭到逮捕和驱逐的危险而捍卫被禁止进入该地区的友人协会成员-称为贵格会(Quakers)。史岱文森害怕这个新的团体会破坏殖民地的稳定,而下令驱逐贵格传教士,并对任何欢迎他们进入自己家园的殖民者处以罚款。165712月,法拉盛(Flushing)村的31名居民签署了一份请愿书,反对史岱文森(Stuyvesant)禁止贵格会。陈情者写道:“‘如果这些提到的人(Quakers教徒)中的任何一个将爱带入我们之间,我们出于良心就不会向他们施加暴力之手。”史岱文森(Stuyvesant)将该请愿书谴责为“可憎的反抗信”。今天,该请愿书被称为“法拉盛抗议书”,是纽约州最珍贵的文件之一,被认为是纽约公民权利和宗教权利传统的里程碑。当时除了导致四个签署者入狱,它没有立即产生影响。

《法拉盛陈情书》原文:

Right Honorable

You have been pleased to send unto us a certain prohibition or command that we should not receive or entertain any of those people called Quakers because they are supposed to be, by some, seducers of the people. For our part we cannot condemn them in this case, neither can we stretch out our hands against them, for out of Christ God is a consuming fire, and it is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.
(我们收到了您下达的有关禁止接纳款待贵格教徒的命令, 其理由是有人称之为蛊惑人心的骗子。 然而, 就我们的立场而言, 我们绝不谴责教徒, 而不能有份于任何迫害之事。 因为出于神基督的, 是烈火, 而落入活神之手被裁判, 是可畏的)。

Wee desire therefore in this case not to judge least we be judged (不论断人,以免被他人论断)neither to condemn least we be condemned(不谴责,以免被他人谴责), but rather let every man stand or fall to his own Master (他或站住,或跌倒,自有他的主人在),. Wee are bounde by the law to do good unto all men, especially to those of the household of faith (我们受法律约束要对所有人都行善,特别是那些有信仰的家庭)And though for the present we seem to be unsensible for the law and the Law giver, yet when death and the Law assault us, if wee have our advocate to seeke, who shall plead for us in this case of conscience betwixt God and our own souls; the powers of this world can neither attach us, neither excuse us, for if God justifye who can condemn and if God condemn there is none can justifye. 

And for those jealousies and suspicions which some have of them, that they are destructive unto Magistracy and Ministery, that cannot bee, for the Magistrate hath his sword in his hand and the Minister hath the sword in his hand, as witnesse those two great examples, which all Magistrates and Ministers are to follow, Moses and Christ, whom God raised up maintained and defended against all enemies both of flesh and spirit; and therefore that of God will stand, and that which is of man will come to nothing. And as the Lord hath taught Moses or the civil power to give an outward liberty in the state, by the law written in his heart designed for the good of all, and can truly judge who is good, who is evil, who is true and who is false, and can pass definitive sentence of life or death against that man which arises up against the fundamental law of the States General; soe he hath made his ministers a savor of life unto life and a savor of death unto death. 

The law of love, peace and liberty in the states extending to Jews, Turks and Egyptians(属地的爱, 和平与自由的法则延伸到犹太人, 土耳其人和埃及人), as they are considered sons of Adam(因为他们被认为是亚当的后人)which is the glory of the outward state of Holland这是荷兰外邦的荣耀), soe love, peace and liberty, extending to all in Christ Jesus, condemns hatred, war and bondage以耶稣的名义延伸到所有人的爱, 和平和自由的法则谴责仇恨, 战争和束缚). And because our Saviour sayeth it is impossible but that offences will come, but woe unto him by whom they cometh, our desire is not to offend one of his little ones, in whatsoever form, name or title hee appears in, whether Presbyterian, Independent, Baptist or Quaker(不管是长老,独立,浸信会还是贵格会的教友), but shall be glad to see anything of God in any of them, desiring to doe unto all men as we desire all men should doe unto us, which is the true law both of Church and State; for our Saviour sayeth this is the law and the prophets. 

Therefore if any of these said persons come in love unto us, we cannot in conscience lay violent hands upon them(如果这些提到的人中的任何一个将爱带入我们之间,我们出于良心就不会向他们施加暴力之手)but give them free egresse and regresse unto our Town, and houses, as God shall persuade our consciences, for we are bounde by the law of God and man to doe good unto all men and evil to noe man. And this is according to the patent and charter of our Towne(这符合我们镇的专利和章精神),given unto us in the name of the States General(荷兰国会)which we are not willing to infringe, and violate我们不愿意侵犯和违反), but shall houlde to our patent and shall remaine, your humble subjects(卑微的属民), the inhabitants of Vlishing. 

Written this 27th of December in the year 1657, by mee. 

Edward Hart, Clericus

DOCUMENT BASED QUESTIONS 
1.Who is the petition written to?  Who is the petition from? 陈情书写给谁, 来自谁?

2.What are the two arguments laid out in the first paragraph? 第一段两个主要论点是什么?


3.The last paragraph states, ‘‘Therefore if any of these said persons come in love unto us.” Who are the different groups mentioned in the body of the petition? What does that tell us about the inhabitants of New Amsterdam? 陈情书中提到了哪些不同的群体(groups)。 从这我们可以得知新阿姆斯特丹的居民怎么样?

4.Why do you think it is still referenced and revered over three centuries later?  你觉得为什么三个世纪后这份陈情书仍然被提到而且备受敬仰?    

U.S. Congress, 1st Amendment 美国宪法第一修正案
The 1st Amendment of the Constitution, Passed by Congress September 25, 1789, the first of the ten amendments that make up the Bill of Rights, mandating the freedom or religious, speech, and press. Almost a 150 years after the Flushing Remonstrance was written, the first amendment of the Constitution was passed by Congress in 1789 and ratified in 1791. 1789925日由国会通过的《宪法》第一修正案,是组成《权利法案》的十项修正案中的第一项,规定了自由或宗教,言论和新闻自由。在《法拉盛抗议书》写成后大约150年,宪法的第一修正案于1789年由国会通过并于1791年获得批准。

Passed by Congress September 25, 1789. Ratified December 15, 1791. 

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 国会不得制定有关下列事项的法律:确立一种宗教或禁止信教自由:剥夺言论自由或出版自由:或剥夺人民和平集会及向政府要求伸冤的权利。

DOCUMENT BASED QUESTIONS 
1.The first amendment covers topics related to freedom of expression. What are the methods listed?  Why do you think these actions are banded together? What do they have in common? 第一修正案涉及了表达自由有关的主题。列出了哪些种类?你认为为什么会把这些绑在一起?他们有什么共同点? 


2.How is freedom of religion similar to freedom of speech and assembly?宗教自由与言论自由和集会自由有何相似之处?


3.Why do you think this amendment was the first one to be adopted? 您认为为什么此修正案是第一个通过的修正案?


4.Why would the tenets expressed be so vital to the founding fathers? 为什么所表达的宗旨对开国元勋如此重要?


5.What similarities do you see between the Flushing Remonstrance and the first amendment? 您在《法拉盛抗议书》与第一修正案之间看到什么相似之处?


Sunday, September 22, 2019

“乌托邦” 论文大纲要求 Due Wednesday

This marking period essay counts as a project,which is 15% of your overall grade. Essay can be in English OR Chinese. 这篇论文算project 分数, 占 marking period 总分的15%。论文中英文皆可。

大家统一写的题目是:
What system of government and electoral system should Utopia (an ideal country) have?
乌托邦(理想国)的政府机制和选举制度应该是什么样的?

In your essay,you must address the following questions 你的论文必须address 这些问题:
1. Is this Utopian government  Parliementary,Presidential or Semi-presidential (Has characteristics of both systems,a classic example of this is France)这个乌托邦的政府是总统制, 议会制还是半总统制(混合制度,兼具两种制度的特征, 代表国家是法国)?
2.What system of voting does this Utopia have in electing legislature?Does it use First-past-the-post, Proportional Represenation, Two-Round system,others or any combination of those?
这个乌托邦是如何选举它的立法机构?。是使用领先者当选, 比例代表制,两轮制 其他, 还是这些制度的混合版?
3. How does districting work in electing legislature?Is the whole country one district. Does it have multiple districts that uses proportional representation. Does it consists of only multiple single-member districts(like US, UK and Canada) , or does it use combination of different systems?(Ex. Singapores's elections district consists of both Single-member district (SMDs) and Group Representation Constituencies (GRCs), or single-district two-votes system which consists of single-member district using FPTP and one national district that uses proportional representation) 立法机构选区如何划分?是否全国 (地区)属于一个选区。或者多个选区, 每个选区由多名议员代表 (如香港), 或者全部由单一选区 (一个选区一名议员)组成 (如美国, 英国, 加拿大等), 还是其他混合版(如新加坡有使用FPTP的单选区和用比例代表制的集选区, 又如单一选区两票制, 混合了一国一区 和 一个议员代表一个选区的制度) 。


星期三交的论文大纲请包括 (可以手写):

一, 你的论文论点(Thesis)
请提供一个具体的论点。请写一个: 能总结你打算写的文章主要思想的句子,  也就是,能概括三个主要分论点的句子。

例子:
这样的陈述还不算一个thesis :电影‘JFK’ 对肯尼迪总统的描绘不准确

一个thesis: 电影‘JFK’ 对肯尼迪总统的描绘不准确因为它忽视了肯尼迪的少年时期(概括了第一个分论点)他与父亲的关系(概括了第二个分论点)以及 Warren 委员会的结论(概括了第三个分论点)

你的论点可以是几句话的长度, 但是不能超过一个段落。

二, 3个分论点 (3 supporting arguments)
请写出你的三个argument 段落的主题句(topic sentence ). 这是总论点(thesis)中提到的三个主要思想的扩充。

三, 反诉(Counterclaim)
也就是  “有人会说” 的一个反对你的观点 。
 https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSnwOA0krS8m66DCnXAYmZ2DcHdcbX5x5QQRBqPJ_fv6CBro_vIFR5maQ7j324xR1U1IRUW1zWdokXGDtWdhnhUwSqotClBDBRFx0QpDlxOXxdEfJvPQ4INhjehwXl6bzfzgy7vhwqhu-5/s1600/Screen+Shot+2017-03-24+at+6.31.02+PM.png

简单来说, 你星期三需要提供的是:
1.论文总论点
2. 三个分论点
3. 一个反诉

议论文评分标准(Common Core State Standards Argument Essay Rubric - Grade 11-12)

这是美国统一的(CCSS) 11年级和12 年级议论文评分标准
Please refer to this grading rubric as to how you will be evaluated on argumentative essays.


议论文格式

议论文格式

*注意,其中一种示范格式。议论文有多种不同的格式。

·      Introduction
1.     一到两个自然段
2.     目的:建立并申述自己的主张 (claim
3.     加分元素
- 你的介段很有趣。你如何吸引者?
- 读者需要知道什么背景信息(如果有的, 见背景段落)才能理解您的主张?
4.     必要的元素
-       如果你在议一个文学作品 – 请阐明 作家+作品的名字
-       如果你在议一个议题或理请为这个议题或理提供要的解
-       如果你在议论电影 -请阐明演,年份+电影标题

·      背景段落 (optional)
1.     一到两个自然段;  非必要的(有些议论文可以省略);有候这些信息被入介段落(上文)。
2.     目的为证明你的点奠定基
3.     常包括:
-       讨论的作品摘要
-       键术语的定
-       的解

·  支持据 第1段(Supporting Evidence Paragraph # 1)
1.     目的明你的点。通常是一个段落,但可以更
2.     句子 (Topic sentence): 你可以告者什么事细节或例子来帮助他更好地理解你的主张/目?你的答案应该是本段的主句(可以在段落中, 一般在开头)。
3.     :你需要解你的主?如果是, 请解释
4.     绍证:用几个字(如...医生所言…) 或用一个完整的句子了理解,我先需要看看统计数据)。
5.     阐明证据(State evidence):你可以提供哪些据(原因,例子,事统计数据和/或名人名言 )来明/支持/解你的主句?
6.     解释证据们应如何阅读或解你所提供据?据如何一段你想要证明的(分)论点?*可以基于意通常至少1-3句。
7.     :以束句束你的段落,重申本段话题句如何有助于更好地理解和/或明你的文的总论点。

·      支持据 第二, 三 段(Supporting Evidence Paragraph # 2, 3,   etc.
1.     重复上面的

·    反驳段落Counterargument Paragraph)
1.     目的者的反; 使自己听起来更客合理。
2.     通常1-2段
3.     你的者可能会提出什么据反你的点和/或你的推理的某方面?提出一个或多个反方的论点进行反驳。
4.     以一句束句束段落,重申你的文的整体主

·     结论第1部分:概括/总结 段落 (Sum Up Paragraph)
1.     目的:提醒者你的点和支持性
2.     重申你的文的论点和支持

·     结论第2部分:你的“SO WHAT”段落
1.     目的:向读者明你批判性地思考并分析了问题
2.     你的结论应该简单地重述你的介段落。如果你的结论与你的引言几乎完全一,这可能表明你在写你的文章的程中没有做足的批判性思(因束在与开头相同的地方)。
3.     你的结论应该们为什么我们应该在乎你的论文。你的论点的意是什么?什么对于作为作者的你或作为读我来很重要?
4.     你的结论应该创造一种朝你的论文主题更深层理解的方向移动的感觉。在你的文章,你应该完成​​了你的想法,以便你的者了解你所议的,并准好听到你就这个议题提出的更宏观的观点(即 “所以怎样 SO WHAT ”).
5.     你的结论应该是你的文的高潮。所以你应该将最的分析点留给论文的结尾
6.     结论中用生,具体的言与其他地方运用这些重要 - 也更重要,因为结论决定了你的文章的最后印象。不要的印象变成“你的点是模糊的或不确定的”

7.     警告:只要新的主张是你的点的延伸,在你的结论中引入新的信息并无大碍。  新的点可以是更笼统,回答“所以怎么样SO WHAT” 的问题; 可以是相当具体的。要避免提出需要大量的外证据支持的新主张。

政府应对经济衰退(recession)或通货膨胀 (inflation) 可以用哪些手段?

有需要老师reset progress 重新做这个edpuzzle 的这个在下面评论出提出, 或私信我。 美国的经济衰退 (recession)定义是连续两个季度GDP 负增长, 因为疫情的关系, 1-3月美国GDP 可能是负增长,下一季度几乎笃定是负增长。高盛 Go...